technical

System Design Doc

Comprehensive system design document with goals, constraints, capacity estimation, API design, and trade-offs. Interview-ready format.

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architecture

interview

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VerseKit Team

@versekit

Published January 8, 2026

Available Variables

Use these variables with Handlebars syntax {{variableName}} in your content.

{{con1}}

Single point of failure without multi-region

{{con2}}

Cache invalidation complexity

{{con3}}

Limited by base62 encoding space

{{pro1}}

Simple and maintainable architecture

{{pro2}}

Easy horizontal scaling

{{pro3}}

Strong consistency for writes

{{author}}

Engineering Team

{{version}}

1.0

{{api1Desc}}

List user's URLs

{{api1Path}}

/api/v1/urls

{{api2Desc}}

Create short URL

{{api2Path}}

/api/v1/urls

{{api3Desc}}

Update URL metadata

{{api3Path}}

/api/v1/urls/:id

{{api4Desc}}

Delete URL

{{api4Path}}

/api/v1/urls/:id

{{funcReq1}}

Generate unique short URLs, redirect to original URLs, track click analytics

{{scaleReq}}

Handle 100M URLs, 1B redirects/month

{{comp1Name}}

Load Balancer

{{comp1Tech}}

AWS ALB

{{comp2Name}}

API Servers

{{comp2Tech}}

Node.js Cluster

{{comp3Name}}

Cache Layer

{{comp3Tech}}

Redis Cluster

{{comp4Name}}

Database

{{comp4Tech}}

PostgreSQL

{{perfTarget}}

p99 latency < 50ms, 10K RPS

{{constraint1}}

6-char short codes

{{constraint2}}

No expiration default

{{constraint3}}

Rate limiting: 100/min

{{constraint4}}

Max URL: 2048 chars

{{description}}

High-performance URL shortening service capable of handling millions of requests per day

{{lastUpdated}}

January 2025

{{metric1Name}}

New URLs

{{metric2Name}}

Redirects

{{metric3Name}}

Storage

{{nonFuncReq1}}

High availability (99.99%), low latency (<50ms), data durability

{{projectName}}

URL Shortener Service

{{metric1Daily}}

100K

{{metric1Notes}}

Peak during campaigns

{{metric2Daily}}

33M

{{metric2Notes}}

Read-heavy workload

{{metric3Daily}}

10 MB

{{metric3Notes}}

~100 bytes per URL

{{metric1Monthly}}

{{metric2Monthly}}

{{metric3Monthly}}

300 MB

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